Merge branch 'dev.etl' of https://repositories.communitynotfound.work/PoliBa-DeepLearning/NanoSocrates into dev.etl

Also resolved a minor bug to print also leaf nodes

.gitattributes

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 Exam/Deep_Learning_2025_VIII.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 Assets/** filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+Assets/Dataset/1-hop/dataset.csv filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

.gitignore

@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@ ipython_config.py
 .LSOverride
 
 # Icon must end with two \r
-Icon
+Icon
+
 
 # Thumbnails
 ._*
@@ -251,3 +252,6 @@ $RECYCLE.BIN/
 # .nfs files are created when an open file is removed but is still being accessed
 .nfs*
 
+# ---> Custom
+**/Tmp/**
+!**/.gitkeep

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+    "recommendations": [
+        "bierner.github-markdown-preview",
+        "bierner.markdown-checkbox",
+        "bierner.markdown-emoji",
+        "bierner.markdown-footnotes",
+        "bierner.markdown-mermaid",
+        "bierner.markdown-preview-github-styles",
+        "bierner.markdown-yaml-preamble",
+        "davidanson.vscode-markdownlint",
+        "kejun.markdown-alert",
+        "yzhang.markdown-all-in-one"
+    ]
+}

README.md

@@ -1,3 +1,28 @@
 # NanoSocrates
 
-This is the work project for the DeepLearning exam of 16th September 2025
+This is the work project for the DeepLearning exam of 16th September 2025
+
+## Index
+
+- [Resources](./docs/RESOURCES.md)
+
+## Setup
+
+Create and activate you Conda enviroment with:
+
+       conda env create -f environment.yaml
+       conda activate deep_learning
+  
+Now install dependencies on pip:
+
+        pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+## TroubleShooting
+
+Sometimes when uploading really large batch of data, git can stop the uploads thanks to the timeout.
+The solution is to locally change its settings:
+
+       git config lfs.dialtimeout 3600
+       git config lfs.activitytimeout 3600
+
+for clearance check the link: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58961697/i-o-timeout-when-pushing-to-a-git-reporsitory

Scripts/DataBaseQueries/dataset.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+-- To pass to Pandas
+SELECT *
+FROM RDFs
+INNER JOIN Subjects USING (SubjectID)
+INNER JOIN Relationships USING (RelationshipID)
+INNER JOIN Objects USING (ObjectID);
+
+-- To pass to Pandas for abstracts
+SELECT *
+FROM RDFs
+INNER JOIN WikipediaAbstracts USING (MovieID);
+
+-- To pass to Pandas for abbreviations
+SELECT *
+FROM Abbreviations;
+
+-- More complex to have clean dataset
+-- More complex to have clean dataset
+SELECT MovieID, GROUP_CONCAT('<SOT>' || '<SUB>' || SubjectURI || '<REL>' || RelationshipURI || '<OBJ>' || ObjectURI || '<EOT>', '') as RDF_String, Abstract
+FROM RDFs
+INNER JOIN SubjectsCountInRDFs USING (SubjectID)
+INNER JOIN RelationshipsCountInRDFs USING(RelationshipID)
+INNER JOIN ObjectsCountInRDFs USING (ObjectID)
+INNER JOIN ParsedSubjects USING (SubjectID)
+INNER JOIN ParsedRelationships USING (RelationshipID)
+INNER JOIN ParsedObjects USING (ObjectID)
+INNER JOIN WikipediaAbstracts USING (MovieID)
+    -- insert WHERE here
+-- WHERE SubjectID = 134626
+GROUP BY MovieID;

Scripts/DataBaseQueries/db_creation.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Movies (
+    MovieID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    MovieURI TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS WikiPageIDs (
+    MovieID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    PageID INTEGER UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+    FOREIGN KEY(MovieID) REFERENCES Movies(MovieID)
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS WikipediaAbstracts (
+    MovieID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    Abstract TEXT NOT NULL,
+    FOREIGN KEY(MovieID) REFERENCES Movies(MovieID)
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Origins (
+    OriginID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    OriginName TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Subjects (
+    SubjectID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    SubjectURI TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+    OriginID BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    FOREIGN KEY(OriginID) REFERENCES Origins(OriginID)
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Relationships (
+    RelationshipID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    RelationshipURI TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL
+);
+
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Objects (
+    ObjectID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    ObjectURI TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+    OriginID BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    FOREIGN KEY(OriginID) REFERENCES Origins(OriginID)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS RDFs (
+    RDF_ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    MovieID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    SubjectID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    RelationshipID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    ObjectID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE(MovieID, SubjectID, RelationshipID, ObjectID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(MovieID) REFERENCES Movies(MovieID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(SubjectID) REFERENCES Subjects(SubjectID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(RelationshipID) REFERENCES Relationships(RelationshipID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(ObjectID) REFERENCES Objects(ObjectID)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_rdf_movie_id ON RDFs(MovieID);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_rdf_subject_id ON RDFs(SubjectID);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_rdf_relationship_id ON RDFs(RelationshipID);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_rdf_object_id ON RDFs(ObjectID);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Abbreviations (
+    AbbreviationID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    URI TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+    Abbreviation TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Subjects_Abbreviations (
+    SubjectID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    AbbreviationID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY(SubjectID, AbbreviationID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(SubjectID) REFERENCES Subjects(SubjectID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(AbbreviationID) REFERENCES Abbreviations(AbbreviationID)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Relationships_Abbreviations (
+    RelationshipID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    AbbreviationID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY(RelationshipID, AbbreviationID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(RelationshipID) REFERENCES Relationships(RelationshipID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(AbbreviationID) REFERENCES Abbreviations(AbbreviationID)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Objects_Abbreviations (
+    ObjectID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    AbbreviationID INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY(ObjectID, AbbreviationID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(ObjectID) REFERENCES Objects(ObjectID),
+    FOREIGN KEY(AbbreviationID) REFERENCES Abbreviations(AbbreviationID)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_sub_abbr_sub_id ON Subjects_Abbreviations(SubjectID);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_sub_abbr_abbr_id ON Subjects_Abbreviations(AbbreviationID);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_rel_abbr_rel_id ON Relationships_Abbreviations(RelationshipID);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_rel_abbr_abbr_id ON Relationships_Abbreviations(AbbreviationID);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_obj_abbr_obj_id ON Objects_Abbreviations(ObjectID);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_obj_abbr_abbr_id ON Objects_Abbreviations(AbbreviationID);
+
+-- Views
+-- Subjects
+CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS ParsedSubjects
+AS
+SELECT
+	SubjectID,
+	CASE WHEN Abbreviation IS NULL
+		THEN SubjectURI
+		ELSE Abbreviation || ':' || replace(SubjectURI, URI, '') END
+		AS SubjectURI
+FROM Subjects
+	LEFT JOIN Subjects_Abbreviations USING (SubjectID)
+	LEFT JOIN Abbreviations USING (AbbreviationID);
+
+-- Relationships
+CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS ParsedRelationships
+AS
+SELECT
+	RelationshipID,
+	CASE WHEN Abbreviation IS NULL
+		THEN RelationshipURI
+		ELSE Abbreviation || ':' || replace(RelationshipURI, URI, '') END
+		AS RelationshipURI
+FROM Relationships
+	LEFT JOIN Relationships_Abbreviations USING (RelationshipID)
+	LEFT JOIN Abbreviations USING (AbbreviationID);
+
+-- Objects
+CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS ParsedObjects
+AS
+SELECT
+	ObjectID,
+	CASE WHEN Abbreviation IS NULL
+		THEN ObjectURI
+		ELSE Abbreviation || ':' || replace(ObjectURI, URI, '') END
+		AS ObjectURI
+FROM Objects
+	LEFT JOIN Objects_Abbreviations USING (ObjectID)
+	LEFT JOIN Abbreviations USING (AbbreviationID);
+
+
+-- Subject Count
+CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS SubjectsCountInRDFs
+AS
+SELECT SubjectID, count(SubjectID) as Sub_Count
+FROM RDFs
+GROUP BY SubjectID;
+
+
+
+
+-- Relationship Count
+CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS RelationshipsCountInRDFs
+AS
+SELECT RelationshipID, count(RelationshipID) as Rel_Count
+FROM RDFs
+GROUP BY RelationshipID;
+
+
+-- Object Count
+CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS ObjectsCountInRDFs
+AS
+SELECT ObjectID, count(ObjectID) as Obj_Count
+FROM RDFs
+GROUP BY ObjectID;
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Scripts/DataBaseQueries/query.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+-- Insert MovieURI into Movies ; MovieID is auto incremental
+INSERT INTO  Movies (MovieURI) VALUES (?);
+
+-- Get MovieID where MovieURI equal given value
+SELECT MovieID FROM Movies WHERE MovieURI = ?;
+
+-- SetPageId
+INSERT INTO  WikiPageIDs (MovieID, PageID) VALUES (?,?);
+
+-- Get MovieId by PageID ... ( to create WikipediaAbstract)
+SELECT MovieID FROM WikiPageIDs WHERE PageID = ?;
+
+-- SetAbstract ...
+
+INSERT INTO  WikipediaAbstracts (MovieID, Abstract) VALUES (?,?);
+
+
+-- SetOrigin
+---
+INSERT INTO  Origins (OriginName) VALUES ("dataset.csv"),("reverse.csv");
+
+-- GetOrigin
+SELECT OriginID FROM Origins WHERE OriginName = ?;
+
+-- Subject, Relationship, Object, RDF
+INSERT INTO  Subjects (SubjectURI, OriginID) VALUES (?,?);
+INSERT INTO  Relationships (RelationshipURI) VALUES (?);
+INSERT INTO  Objects (ObjectURI, OriginID) VALUES (?,?);
+
+SELECT SubjectID FROM Subjects WHERE SubjectURI = ?;
+SELECT RelationshipID FROM Relationships WHERE RelationshipURI = ?;
+SELECT ObjectID FROM Objects WHERE ObjectURI = ?;
+
+
+INSERT INTO  RDFs (MovieID, SubjectID, RelationshipID, ObjectID) VALUES (?,?,?,?);
+
+-- Prefixes
+INSERT INTO Abbreviations(URI, Abbreviation) VALUES (?,?);
+INSERT INTO Objects_Abbreviations(ObjectID, AbbreviationID) VALUES (?,?);
+INSERT INTO Relationships_Abbreviations(RelationshipID, AbbreviationID) VALUES (?,?);
+INSERT INTO Subjects_Abbreviations(SubjectID, AbbreviationID) VALUES (?,?);
+
+-- Please be sure it is a URI before running this query
+--  and take at least until the domain and the first path part
+SELECT AbbreviationID FROM Abbreviations WHERE URI LIKE ?;
+
+-- Query to retrieve data
+SELECT MovieID, GROUP_CONCAT('<SOT>' || '<SUB>' || SubjectURI || '<REL>' || RelationshipURI || '<OBJ>' || ObjectURI || '<EOT>', '') as RDF_String, Abstract
+FROM RDFs
+INNER JOIN ParsedSubjects USING (SubjectID)
+INNER JOIN ParsedRelationships USING (RelationshipID)
+INNER JOIN ParsedObjects USING (ObjectID)
+INNER JOIN WikipediaAbstracts USING (MovieID)
+    -- insert WHERE here
+GROUP BY MovieID;

Scripts/DataCleaning/clean_relationship.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "id": "b9081b7c",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# This file deletes in the pipeline the unwanted relationship by different rules\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "import sqlite3\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "CONN = sqlite3.connect('../../Assets/Dataset/Tmp/dataset2.db')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def get_RDF() -> pd.DataFrame:\n",
+    "    \"\"\"\n",
+    "    QUERY = \"SELECT * FROM RDFs \" \\\n",
+    "    \"INNER JOIN Subjects USING (SubjectID) \" \\\n",
+    "    \"INNER JOIN Relationships USING (RelationshipID) \" \\\n",
+    "    \"INNER JOIN Objects USING (ObjectID);\"\n",
+    "    RDF = pd.read_sql_query(QUERY, CONN)\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF[[\"SubjectURI\", \"RelationshipURI\", \"ObjectURI\"]]\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF.dropna()\n",
+    "    \"\"\"\n",
+    "    Subjects = pd.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM Subjects;', CONN)\n",
+    "    Objects = pd.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM Objects;', CONN)\n",
+    "    Relationships = pd.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM Relationships;', CONN)\n",
+    "    RDF = pd.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM RDFs;', CONN)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # drop '' values \n",
+    "    Subjects = Subjects.replace('', np.nan)# .dropna()\n",
+    "    Relationships = Relationships.replace('', np.nan)# .dropna()\n",
+    "    Objects = Objects.replace('', np.nan)# .dropna()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # join RDF with its components\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF.merge(Subjects, left_on=\"SubjectID\", right_on=\"SubjectID\")\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF.merge(Objects, left_on=\"ObjectID\", right_on=\"ObjectID\")\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF.merge(Relationships, left_on=\"RelationshipID\", right_on=\"RelationshipID\")\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF[[\"SubjectURI\", \"RelationshipURI\", \"ObjectURI\", \"MovieID\"]]\n",
+    "    return RDF\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#def delete_relationship_by_uri(RDF: pd.DataFrame, )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "def delete_relationship_by_uri(RDF: pd.DataFrame, uri: str) -> pd.DataFrame:\n",
+    "    return RDF[RDF[\"RelationshipURI\"]!= uri]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "RDF = get_RDF()\n",
+    "# RDF = RDF.dropna()\n",
+    "# print(RDF)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "id": "644690bb",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "def filter_by_frequence_relationship_uri(RDF: pd.DataFrame, count_treshold) -> pd.DataFrame:\n",
+    "    counts = RDF[\"RelationshipURI\"].value_counts() \n",
+    "    RDF[\"RelationshipFreq\"] = RDF[\"RelationshipURI\"].map(counts)\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF[RDF[\"RelationshipFreq\"] >= count_treshold]\n",
+    "    # counts is a series as key: relationship, value: count\n",
+    "    # counts = counts[counts > count_treshold]\n",
+    "    # relationships = counts.index\n",
+    "    # RDF = RDF[RDF[\"RelationshipURI\"].isin(relationships)]\n",
+    "    # RDF = RDF.groupby(\"RelationshipURI\").filter(lambda x: len(x) >= count_treshold)\n",
+    "    return RDF\n",
+    "\n",
+    "RDF = filter_by_frequence_relationship_uri(RDF, 1)\n",
+    "# print(new_RDF)\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "34525be6",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "                                                 SubjectURI  \\\n",
+      "0             http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nights_of_Cabiria   \n",
+      "1         http://dbpedia.org/resource/California_Science...   \n",
+      "2                 http://dbpedia.org/resource/China_Captain   \n",
+      "3         http://dbpedia.org/resource/Caravan_of_Courage...   \n",
+      "4                http://dbpedia.org/resource/WHIH_Newsfront   \n",
+      "...                                                     ...   \n",
+      "12725500   http://dbpedia.org/resource/I_Will_Follow_(film)   \n",
+      "12725501   http://dbpedia.org/resource/I_Will_Follow_(film)   \n",
+      "12725502  http://dbpedia.org/resource/I_Witnessed_Genoci...   \n",
+      "12725503  http://dbpedia.org/resource/I_Woke_Up_Early_th...   \n",
+      "12725504           http://dbpedia.org/resource/I_Won't_Play   \n",
+      "\n",
+      "                                       RelationshipURI  \\\n",
+      "0          http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom   \n",
+      "1          http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom   \n",
+      "2          http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom   \n",
+      "3          http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#differentFrom   \n",
+      "4         http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso   \n",
+      "...                                                ...   \n",
+      "12725500          http://dbpedia.org/ontology/producer   \n",
+      "12725501          http://dbpedia.org/ontology/producer   \n",
+      "12725502          http://dbpedia.org/ontology/producer   \n",
+      "12725503          http://dbpedia.org/ontology/producer   \n",
+      "12725504          http://dbpedia.org/ontology/producer   \n",
+      "\n",
+      "                                                  ObjectURI  MovieID  \\\n",
+      "0                       http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cabiria       26   \n",
+      "1         http://dbpedia.org/resource/California_Academy...      185   \n",
+      "2                 http://dbpedia.org/resource/Captain_China      614   \n",
+      "3         http://dbpedia.org/resource/Caravan_of_Courage...      740   \n",
+      "4         http://dbpedia.org/resource/Captain_America:_C...      594   \n",
+      "...                                                     ...      ...   \n",
+      "12725500           http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ava_DuVernay   145854   \n",
+      "12725501           http://dbpedia.org/resource/Molly_Mayeux   145854   \n",
+      "12725502        http://dbpedia.org/resource/Headlines_Today   145861   \n",
+      "12725503             http://dbpedia.org/resource/Billy_Zane   145862   \n",
+      "12725504    http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gordon_Hollingshead   145864   \n",
+      "\n",
+      "          RelationshipFreq  MovieFreq  \n",
+      "0                     2132        216  \n",
+      "1                     2132        264  \n",
+      "2                     2132         66  \n",
+      "3                     2132        131  \n",
+      "4                     1653        133  \n",
+      "...                    ...        ...  \n",
+      "12725500             80077         95  \n",
+      "12725501             80077         95  \n",
+      "12725502             80077         41  \n",
+      "12725503             80077         98  \n",
+      "12725504             80077         91  \n",
+      "\n",
+      "[12725505 rows x 6 columns]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "def filter_by_frequence_movie_id(RDF: pd.DataFrame, min_treshold, max_treshold) -> pd.DataFrame:\n",
+    "    counts = RDF[\"MovieID\"].value_counts() \n",
+    "    RDF[\"MovieFreq\"] = RDF[\"MovieID\"].map(counts)\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF[RDF[\"MovieFreq\"] >= min_treshold]\n",
+    "    RDF = RDF[RDF[\"MovieFreq\"] < max_treshold]\n",
+    "    # counts is a series as key: relationship, value: count\n",
+    "    # counts = counts[counts > count_treshold]\n",
+    "    # relationships = counts.index\n",
+    "    # RDF = RDF[RDF[\"RelationshipURI\"].isin(relationships)]\n",
+    "    # RDF = RDF.groupby(\"RelationshipURI\").filter(lambda x: len(x) >= count_treshold)\n",
+    "    return RDF\n",
+    "\n",
+    "RDF = filter_by_frequence_movie_id(RDF, 1, 1500)\n",
+    "print(RDF)"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "deep_learning",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.13.7"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}

Scripts/DataCleaning/dbpedia-uri.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import argparse
+import sys
+
+
+
+class ProgramArgs:
+
+    def __init__(self, file: str, output: str, treshold: int):
+        self.file = file
+        self.output = output
+        self.treshold = treshold
+
+def get_args(args: list[str]) -> ProgramArgs:
+
+    PARSER = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    PARSER.add_argument("--input-file", "-i", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--output-file", "-o", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--treshold", "-t", type=int, default=1)
+    parsed_args, _ = PARSER.parse_known_args(args)
+
+    # print(parsed_args.input_file)
+
+    return ProgramArgs(parsed_args.input_file,parsed_args.output_file, parsed_args.treshold)  # type ignore
+
+
+def print_dbpedia(file: str, out: str):
+
+
+    FILE = open(file, "r", encoding="utf-8")
+    OUT = open(out, mode="w", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    DOMAIN_PART = "dbpedia"
+
+    already_parsed : set[str] = set()
+
+
+    for row in FILE:
+
+        sections = row.split("/")
+        sections = list(filter(lambda item: item != "", sections))
+
+        # print(sections)
+
+        if len(sections) < 3:
+            continue
+
+        URI = "/".join(sections[1:3])
+        URI = "//".join([sections[0], URI])
+
+        if  URI in already_parsed:
+            continue
+
+        DOMAIN = sections[1]
+        SUBDOMAINS = DOMAIN.split(".")
+        TYPE = sections[2][0]
+
+        if DOMAIN_PART not in SUBDOMAINS:
+            continue
+
+        already_parsed.add(URI)
+
+        SUB_ID = SUBDOMAINS[0]
+
+        if len(SUB_ID) > 3:
+            SUB_ID = SUB_ID[:3]
+
+        OUT.write(f"\"{URI}/\", \"{SUB_ID}-db{TYPE}\"\n")
+
+
+    FILE.close()
+    OUT.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    ARGS = get_args(sys.argv)
+    # ARGS = get_debug_args()
+    print_dbpedia(ARGS.file, ARGS.output)

Scripts/DataCleaning/path_splitter_tree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+import argparse
+import csv
+import sys
+from typing import Self
+
+
+class ProgramArgs:
+
+    def __init__(self, file: str, csv_uri_header: str, output: str, treshold: int):
+        """
+        Args:
+            file (str): 
+            csv_header (str): The name of the column of the csv file from which the program will get the URIs
+            output (str): 
+            treshold (int): 
+        """        
+        self.file = file
+        self.csv_uri_header = csv_uri_header
+        self.output = output
+        self.treshold = treshold
+
+
+class Node:
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        quantity: int = 0,
+    ):
+        self.name = name
+        self.quantity = quantity
+        self.children: dict[str, Node] = {}
+
+    @property
+    def is_leaf(self):
+        return len(self.children) == 0
+
+    def append_child(self, child: list[str]):
+
+        # print(child)
+        KEY = child[0]
+
+        if not self.children.get(KEY):
+            # if the key has no value, it means we are traversing this branch for the first time
+            # create another node for the key
+            self.children[KEY] = Node(KEY, 0)
+
+        # take the node for the key
+        CHILD = self.children[KEY]
+        self.quantity += 1
+
+        # if the child list to enter has only one element, which is KEY, no more node will be created
+        if len(child) == 1:
+            return
+
+        new_children = child[1:]
+
+        CHILD.append_child(new_children)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"{self.name}/ - {self.quantity}"
+
+
+def get_args(args: list[str]) -> ProgramArgs:
+
+    PARSER = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    PARSER.add_argument("--input-file", "-i", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--header-name", "-c", required=True, type=str)                       # c stands for column
+    PARSER.add_argument("--output-file", "-o", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--treshold", "-t", type=int, default=1)
+    parsed_args, _ = PARSER.parse_known_args(args)
+
+    # print(parsed_args.input_file)
+
+    return ProgramArgs(parsed_args.input_file, parsed_args.header_name ,parsed_args.output_file, parsed_args.treshold)  # type ignore
+
+
+def get_debug_args() -> ProgramArgs:
+    # -i ./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/movies.csv  -c subject -o Assets/Dataset/Tmp/prova.csv -t 1
+    FILE = "./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/movies.csv"
+    CSV_HEADER = "subject"
+    OUTPUT = "./Assets/Dataset/Tmp/prova.csv"
+    TRESHOLD = 1
+
+    return ProgramArgs(
+        FILE,
+        CSV_HEADER,
+        OUTPUT,
+        TRESHOLD
+    )
+
+
+def tree_like(file: str, csv_uri_header:str, out: str):
+
+    INDENTATION = "    "
+
+    properties: dict[str, Node] = {}
+
+    properties["pure"] = Node("pure", 0)
+    properties["URI"] = Node("uri", 0)
+
+    FILE = open(file, "r", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    # TODO: Change here so it takes single URI from a CSV file
+    # It is needed the header-name
+    for row in csv.DictReader(FILE):
+
+        uri_element = row[csv_uri_header]
+        sections = uri_element.split("/")
+        sections = list(filter(lambda item: item != "", sections))
+
+        # print(sections)
+
+        if sections[0] != "http:" and sections[0] != "https:":
+            properties["pure"].append_child(sections)
+            continue
+
+        properties["URI"].append_child(sections)
+
+    FILE.close()
+
+    stack: list[tuple[Node, int]] = []
+
+    for _, item in properties.items():
+        stack.append((item, 0))
+
+    OUT = open(out, mode="w", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    while len(stack) > 0:
+
+        LAST_ITEM = stack.pop()
+
+        NODE: Node = LAST_ITEM[0]
+        DEPTH: int = LAST_ITEM[1]
+
+        INDENT: str = INDENTATION * DEPTH
+
+        # Leaf node have quantity 0, so if i want them to appear the threshold have to be 0
+        # if NODE.quantity < ARGS.treshold:
+        if ARGS.treshold > NODE.quantity:
+            continue
+
+        OUT.write(f"{INDENT}- {NODE}\n")
+
+        if NODE.is_leaf:
+            continue
+
+        CHILDREN = []
+
+        for _, child in NODE.children.items():
+            CHILDREN.append((child, DEPTH + 1))
+
+        stack.extend(CHILDREN)
+
+    OUT.close()
+
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    ARGS = get_args(sys.argv)
+    # ARGS = get_debug_args()
+    tree_like(ARGS.file,ARGS.csv_uri_header, ARGS.output)

Scripts/DataGathering/analysis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import argparse
+import sys
+import pandas as pd
+
+
+class ProgramArgs:
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, input_file: str, column: str, output_file: str, count: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        self.input_file = input_file
+        self.column = column
+        self.output_file = output_file
+        self.count = count
+
+
+def get_args(args: list[str]) -> ProgramArgs:
+
+    PARSER = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    PARSER.add_argument("--input-file", "--input", "-i", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--output-file", "--output", "-o", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--column", "--col", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument(
+        "--count", "-c", action="store_const", const=True, default=False
+    )
+    parsed_args, _ = PARSER.parse_known_args(args)
+
+    return ProgramArgs(
+        parsed_args.input_file,
+        parsed_args.column,
+        parsed_args.output_file,
+        parsed_args.count,
+    )  # type ignore
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    ARGS = get_args(sys.argv)
+
+    OUTPUT_FILE = open(ARGS.output_file, "w+", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    # Load the CSV
+    df = pd.read_csv(ARGS.input_file)
+
+    # Count occurrences of each unique last part
+    item_counts = df[ARGS.column].value_counts()
+
+    # Print the counts
+    for item, count in item_counts.items():
+
+        if ARGS.count:
+            OUTPUT_FILE.write(f"{item}: {count}\n")
+        else:
+            OUTPUT_FILE.write(f"{item}\n")

Scripts/DataGathering/fetchdata.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import argparse
+from math import floor
+import sys
+from time import sleep
+import SPARQLWrapper
+
+
+class ProgramData:
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        local_url,
+        query_url,
+        sparql_url,
+        output_type,
+        initial_offset,
+        timeout,
+        limit,
+        max_pages,
+        verbosity_level,
+    ) -> None:
+
+        self.local_url = local_url
+        self.query_url = query_url
+        self.sparql_url = sparql_url
+        self.output_type = output_type
+        self.initial_offset = initial_offset
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.limit = limit
+        self.max_pages = max_pages
+        self.verbosity_level = verbosity_level
+
+    @property
+    def offset(self):
+        return self.limit
+
+    @property
+    def query(self):
+
+        with open(self.query_url, "r") as file:
+            return file.read()
+
+
+DBPEDIA_URL = "https://dbpedia.org/sparql"
+TYPE = SPARQLWrapper.CSV
+TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 1.5
+LIMIT = int(1E4)
+INITIAL_OFFSET = 0
+MAX_PAGES = int(1E9)
+
+
+def gather_cli_args(args: list[str]) -> ProgramData:
+
+    # TODO: Add argument for type
+    PARSER = argparse.ArgumentParser("sparql data fetcher")
+    PARSER.add_argument("--file-path", "--file", "--output", "-o", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--query-file", "--query", "-q", required=True, type=str)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--url", type=str, default=DBPEDIA_URL)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--limit", type=int, default=LIMIT)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--timeout", type=float, default=TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--offset", type=int, default=INITIAL_OFFSET)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--max-pages", type=int, default=MAX_PAGES)
+    PARSER.add_argument("--verbose", "-v", action="count", default=0)
+
+    parsed_args, _ = PARSER.parse_known_args(args)
+
+    return ProgramData(
+        parsed_args.file_path,
+        parsed_args.query_file,
+        parsed_args.url,
+        SPARQLWrapper.CSV,
+        parsed_args.offset,
+        parsed_args.timeout,
+        parsed_args.limit,
+        parsed_args.max_pages,
+        parsed_args.verbose
+    )
+    # type: ignore
+
+
+def fetch_data(DATA: ProgramData):
+
+    # Take correction of page into account
+    page = int(floor(DATA.initial_offset / DATA.limit)) - 1
+    exit = False
+
+    while not exit:
+
+        print(f"Starting to get page {page}")
+
+        CURRENT_OFFSET = int(DATA.offset + (page * DATA.limit))
+        sparql = SPARQLWrapper.SPARQLWrapper(DATA.sparql_url)
+
+        sparql.setReturnFormat(TYPE)
+
+        CURRENT_PAGE_QUERY = "\n".join([
+            DATA.query,
+            f"LIMIT {LIMIT}",
+            f"OFFSET {CURRENT_OFFSET}"
+        ])
+
+        print(f"\nCurrent Query:\n{CURRENT_PAGE_QUERY}\n")
+
+        sparql.setQuery(CURRENT_PAGE_QUERY)
+
+        try:
+            res = sparql.queryAndConvert()
+            text = ""
+
+            if type(res) == bytes:
+
+                initial_offset = 0
+
+                if page != 0:
+                    initial_offset = 1
+
+                lines = res.decode("utf-8", "ignore").split("\n")
+                text = "\n".join(lines[initial_offset:])
+
+            if text == "":
+                exit = True
+                continue
+
+            with open(DATA.local_url, "a+", encoding="utf-8") as dataset:
+
+                print(f"Writing page {page} on {DATA.local_url}")
+                dataset.write(
+                    text
+                )
+
+        except Exception as ex:
+            print(f"Something went wrong during page {page}:\n\t{ex}")
+
+        print(f"Sleeping for {TIMEOUT_SECONDS}")
+
+        page += 1
+
+        if page == MAX_PAGES - 1:
+            exit = True
+
+        sleep(TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    DATA = gather_cli_args(sys.argv)
+    fetch_data(DATA)

Scripts/DataGathering/wikipedia_gathering.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import pandas as pd
+
+import csv
+import time
+import requests
+
+input_csv = "./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/movie-pageid.csv"
+output_csv = "./Assets/Dataset/Tmp/wikipedia-summary.csv"
+
+
+sess = requests.Session()
+
+CHUNK = 20
+
+
+# Function to get clean full text from Wikipedia PageID
+def get_clean_text(pageIDS: list[str]):
+
+    parsing_time = 0
+    start_full = time.time()
+    API_URL = "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php"
+    headers = {
+        "User-Agent": "CoolBot/0.0"
+        ""
+        " (https://example.org/coolbot/; coolbot@example.org)"
+    }
+
+    ids = "|".join(pageIDS)
+
+    start_fetch = time.time()
+    res = sess.get(headers=headers, url=f"{API_URL}?action=query&pageids={ids}&prop=extracts&exintro=1&explaintext=1&format=json")
+    end_fetch = time.time()
+    fetch_time = end_fetch - start_fetch
+    print(f"Time elapsed FETCH: {fetch_time} seconds")
+
+    data = res.json()
+
+
+    abstracts = {}
+    # Make sure 'query' and the page exist
+    SKIPPED = 0
+    if "query" in data and "pages" in data["query"]:
+        for pageID in pageIDS:
+            if pageID in data["query"]["pages"]:
+                page = data["query"]["pages"][pageID]
+                extract: str = page.get("extract")
+
+                if extract:
+                    print(f"Entry FOUND for pageID {pageID}")
+                    start_parse = time.time()
+                    extract = extract.strip()
+                    extract = extract.replace("\n", "")
+                    end_parse = time.time()
+                    parsing_time = end_parse - start_parse
+                    print(f"Time elapsed PARSE: {parsing_time} seconds")
+                    abstracts[pageID] = extract
+                else:
+                    SKIPPED += 1
+                    print(f"Entry MISSING for pageID {pageID}")
+            else:
+                SKIPPED += 1
+                print(f"Page MISSING for pageID {pageID}")
+
+    print(f"Chunk done - Skipped {SKIPPED}")
+    end_full = time.time()
+
+    print(f"Time elapsed FULL: {end_full - start_full} seconds\n\tNO PARSE: {(end_full - start_full) - parsing_time} seconds")
+    return abstracts
+
+
+def flush(movie_ids):
+
+
+        abstracts = get_clean_text(movie_ids)
+
+        start = time.time()
+        with open(output_csv, "a", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f_out:
+            writer = csv.DictWriter(f_out, fieldnames=["subject", "text"])
+
+            for id, text in abstracts.items():
+                writer.writerow({"subject": id, "text": text})
+        end = time.time()
+
+        print(f"Time elapsed WRITE: {end - start} seconds")
+
+
+
+
+def reconcile() -> int:
+
+    start = time.time()
+    input_file = open(input_csv, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
+    output_file = open(output_csv, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    next(input_file)
+    LAST_CHECKED = output_file.readlines()[-1].split(",")[0]
+    current_check = input_file.readline().split(",")[1]
+
+    index = 1
+
+    while current_check != LAST_CHECKED:
+        current_check = input_file.readline().split(",")[1].replace("\n", "")
+        index += 1
+
+    input_file.close()
+    output_file.close()
+    end = time.time()
+
+
+    print(f"Time elapsed RECONCILE: {end - start} seconds")
+
+    print(f"FOUND, we need to skip {index} lines")
+
+    return index
+
+
+if not Path(output_csv).is_file():
+    # Initialize output CSV
+    with open(output_csv, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f_out:
+        writer = csv.DictWriter(f_out, fieldnames=["subject", "text"])
+        writer.writeheader()
+
+
+SKIP = reconcile()
+
+
+# Read CSV in RAM
+with open(input_csv, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as input:
+
+    # Skip already done
+    for i in range(0, SKIP):
+        next(input)
+
+    reader = csv.reader(input)
+
+    index = -1
+    movie_ids = []
+
+    for line in reader:
+
+        index += 1
+
+        if index == 0:
+            continue
+
+        # Save movies in map
+        movie_ids.append(line[1])
+
+        if index % CHUNK == 0:
+
+            # Flush movies
+            flush(movie_ids)
+            movie_ids = []

Scripts/DatasetMerging/datasetInfo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# HOW THE DATASET IS BUILT AND POPULATED
+
+Note: the data are taken from CSV files in 1-hop
+
+## CSV files composition
+
+| CSV files          | Original structure                    | Saved AS                            |
+|--------------------|---------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
+| Wikipeda-summary   | PageId / abstract                     | subject, text                       |
+| Movies             | Movie URI                             | "subject"                           |
+| Dataset            | Movie URI / Relationship / Object [RDF] | subject, relationship, object       |
+| Movies-PageId      | Movie URI / PageId (wiki)             | "subject", "object"                 |
+| Reverse            | Subject / Relationship / Movie URI    | "subject", "relationship", "object" |
+
+## Wanted tables schema
+
+| Table         | Columns                                                                 |
+|---------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Movies        | MovieID [PK], Movie URI                                                 |
+| WikiPageIDs   | MovieID [PK, FK], PageId [IDX] (wiki) *(Not important for now)*         |
+| Abstracts     | MovieID [PK, FK], abstract                                              |
+| Subjects      | SubjectID [PK], RDF Subject (from Dataset.csv or Reverse.csv), OriginID [FK] |
+| Relationships | RelationshipID [PK], RDF Relationship (value only, not the actual relation) |
+| Objects       | ObjectID [PK], RDF Object, OriginID [FK]                                |
+| Origins       | OriginID [PK], Origin Name                                              |
+| RDFs          | RDF_ID [PK], MovieID [FK], SubjectID [FK], RelationshipID [FK], ObjectID [FK] |

Scripts/DatasetMerging/datawarehouse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+import sqlite3
+import csv
+
+#####################################################################
+#   This file builds DatawareHouse/dataset.db from 1-hop csv files  #
+#   Its Schema in . /SQL_Queries/db_creation.sql                    #
+#   The sql query used to popualate id in . /SQL_Queries/query.sql  #
+#####################################################################
+
+# sometimes you may need to build a new db file, here a little snippet for you
+# sqlite3 ./Assets/Dataset/Tmp/dataset.db < ./Scripts/DataCleaning/SQL_Queries/db_creation.sql
+
+# --- Global configuration ---
+DB_NAME = "./Assets/Dataset/DatawareHouse/dataset.db"
+MOVIES_CSV = "./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/movies.csv"
+PAGEID_CSV = "./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/movie-pageid.csv"
+SUMMARY_CSV = "./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/wikipedia-summary.csv"
+DATASET_CSV = "./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/dataset.csv"
+REVERSE_CSV = "./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/reverse.csv"
+URI_CSV = "./Assets/Dataset/1-hop/uri-abbreviations.csv"
+
+MOVIES_CSV_HANDLER = open(MOVIES_CSV, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
+PAGEID_CSV_HANDLER = open(PAGEID_CSV, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
+SUMMARY_CSV_HANDLER = open(SUMMARY_CSV, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
+DATASET_CSV_HANDLER = open(DATASET_CSV, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
+REVERSE_CSV_HANDLER = open(REVERSE_CSV, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
+URI_ABBR_CSV_HANDLER = open(URI_CSV, "r", newline="", encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+CONN = sqlite3.connect(DB_NAME)
+CURS = CONN.cursor()
+
+# MARK: SQL Definitions
+# Insert MovieURI
+
+
+def insertOrigin(curs: sqlite3.Cursor) -> bool:
+
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO  Origins (OriginName) VALUES ('dataset.csv'),('reverse.csv');"
+    try:
+        curs.execute(QUERY)
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+
+def selectOrigin(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, originName: str) -> int | None:
+
+    QUERY = "SELECT OriginID FROM Origins WHERE OriginName = ?;"
+
+    curs.execute(QUERY, [originName])
+    originId = curs.fetchone()
+    if not originId:
+        return None
+
+    # in this case the real id is the first element of the tuple
+    return originId[0]
+
+
+def insertMovie(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, movieUri: str) -> bool:
+
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO Movies (MovieURI) VALUES (?);"
+    try:
+        curs.execute(QUERY, [movieUri])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+
+def selectMovieId(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, movieUri: str) -> int | None:
+
+    QUERY = "SELECT MovieID FROM Movies WHERE MovieURI = ?;"
+
+    curs.execute(QUERY, [movieUri])
+    movieId = curs.fetchone()
+    if not movieId:
+        return None
+
+    # in this case the real id is the first element of the tuple
+    return movieId[0]
+
+
+def insertWikiPageId(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, movieId: int, pageId: int) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO  WikiPageIDs (MovieID, PageID) VALUES (?,?);"
+    try:
+        curs.execute(QUERY, [movieId, pageId])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+
+def selectMovieIdFromWikiPageId(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, pageId: int) -> int | None:
+
+    QUERY = "SELECT MovieID FROM WikiPageIDs WHERE PageID = ?;"
+
+    curs.execute(QUERY, [pageId])
+    movieId = curs.fetchone()
+    if not movieId:
+        return None
+
+    # in this case the real id is the first element of the tuple
+    return movieId[0]
+
+
+def insertWikiAbstract(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, movieId: int, abstract: str) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO  WikipediaAbstracts (MovieID, Abstract) VALUES (?,?);"
+    try:
+        curs.execute(QUERY, [movieId, abstract])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+
+def insertSubject(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, subjectURI: str, originID: int) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO  Subjects (SubjectURI, OriginID) VALUES (?,?);"
+    try:
+        curs.execute(QUERY, [subjectURI, originID])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+
+def insertRelationship(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, relationshipURI: str) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO  Relationships (RelationshipURI) VALUES (?);"
+    try:
+        curs.execute(QUERY, [relationshipURI])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+
+def insertObject(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, objectURI: str, originID: int) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO  objects (ObjectURI, OriginID) VALUES (?,?);"
+    try:
+        curs.execute(QUERY, [objectURI, originID])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+
+def selectSubjectId(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, subjectURI: str) -> int | None:
+
+    QUERY = "SELECT SubjectID FROM Subjects WHERE SubjectURI = ?;"
+
+    curs.execute(QUERY, [subjectURI])
+    subjectId = curs.fetchone()
+    if not subjectId:
+        return None
+
+    # in this case the real id is the first element of the tuple
+    return subjectId[0]
+
+
+def selectRelationshipId(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, relationshipURI: str) -> int | None:
+
+    QUERY = "SELECT RelationshipID FROM Relationships WHERE RelationshipURI = ?;"
+
+    curs.execute(QUERY, [relationshipURI])
+    relationshipId = curs.fetchone()
+    if not relationshipId:
+        return None
+
+    # in this case the real id is the first element of the tuple
+    return relationshipId[0]
+
+
+def selectObjectId(curs: sqlite3.Cursor, objectURI: str) -> int | None:
+
+    QUERY = "SELECT ObjectID FROM Objects WHERE ObjectURI = ?;"
+
+    curs.execute(QUERY, [objectURI])
+    objectId = curs.fetchone()
+    if not objectId:
+        return None
+
+    # in this case the real id is the first element of the tuple
+    return objectId[0]
+
+
+def insertRDF(
+    curs: sqlite3.Cursor,
+    movieId: int,
+    subjectId: int,
+    relationshipId: int,
+    objectId: int,
+) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO  RDFs (MovieID, SubjectID, RelationshipID, ObjectID) VALUES (?,?,?,?);"
+    try:
+        curs.execute(QUERY, [movieId, subjectId, relationshipId, objectId])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+# UGLY: correct method to add cursor
+def insert_abbreviation(uri, abbreviation) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO Abbreviations(URI, Abbreviation) VALUES (?,?);"
+    try:
+        CURS.execute(QUERY, [uri, abbreviation])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+# UGLY: correct method to add cursor
+def insert_object_abbreviation(object_id, abbreviation_id) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO Objects_Abbreviations(ObjectID, AbbreviationID) VALUES (?,?);"
+    try:
+        CURS.execute(QUERY, [object_id, abbreviation_id])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+# UGLY: correct method to add cursor
+def insert_relationship_abbreviation(relationship_id, abbreviation_id) -> bool:
+    QUERY = "INSERT INTO Relationships_Abbreviations(RelationshipID, AbbreviationID) VALUES (?,?);"
+    try:
+        CURS.execute(QUERY, [relationship_id, abbreviation_id])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+# UGLY: correct method to add cursor
+def insert_subject_abbreviation(subject_id, abbreviation_id) -> bool:
+    QUERY = (
+        "INSERT INTO Subjects_Abbreviations(SubjectID, AbbreviationID) VALUES (?,?);"
+    )
+    try:
+        CURS.execute(QUERY, [subject_id, abbreviation_id])
+        return True
+    except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+        return False
+
+# UGLY: correct method to add cursor
+def select_abbreviation_id(uri) -> int | None:
+    QUERY = "SELECT AbbreviationID FROM Abbreviations WHERE URI LIKE ?;"
+    CURS.execute(QUERY, [uri])
+    abbreviation_id = CURS.fetchone()
+    if not abbreviation_id:
+        return None
+
+    # in this case the real id is the first element of the tuple
+    return abbreviation_id[0]
+
+
+# MARK: Parsing
+def parseMovies():
+
+    CSV_READER = csv.reader(MOVIES_CSV_HANDLER)
+    next(CSV_READER)
+    for row in CSV_READER:
+        MOVIE = row[0]
+        insertMovie(CURS, MOVIE)
+
+
+def parseWikiPageId():
+    CSV_READER = csv.DictReader(PAGEID_CSV_HANDLER)
+    for row in CSV_READER:
+        MOVIE_URI = row["subject"]
+        WIKI_PAGE_ID = int(row["object"])
+        MOVIE_ID = selectMovieId(CURS, MOVIE_URI)
+
+        if MOVIE_ID is None:
+            print(f"The MovieUri: {MOVIE_URI} has not a MovieId ")
+            continue
+
+        insertWikiPageId(CURS, MOVIE_ID, WIKI_PAGE_ID)
+
+
+def parseAbstract():
+    CSV_READER = csv.DictReader(SUMMARY_CSV_HANDLER)
+    for row in CSV_READER:
+
+        WIKI_PAGE_ID = int(row["subject"])
+        ABSTRACT = row["text"]
+        MOVIE_ID = selectMovieIdFromWikiPageId(CURS, WIKI_PAGE_ID)
+
+        if MOVIE_ID is None:
+            print(f"The WikiPageId: {WIKI_PAGE_ID} has not a MovieId ")
+            continue
+
+        insertWikiAbstract(CURS, MOVIE_ID, ABSTRACT)
+
+
+def parseAbbreviations():
+    URI_CSV = csv.DictReader(URI_ABBR_CSV_HANDLER)
+    for row in URI_CSV:
+
+        URI = row["uri"]
+        ABBREVIATION = row["abbreviation"]
+
+        insert_abbreviation(URI, ABBREVIATION)
+
+
+def parseRDF_Reverse():
+
+    REVERSE_CSV_READER = csv.DictReader(REVERSE_CSV_HANDLER)
+    REVERSE_ORIGIN_ID = selectOrigin(CURS, "reverse.csv")
+
+    if REVERSE_ORIGIN_ID is None:
+        return
+
+    total = 0
+
+    for row in REVERSE_CSV_READER:
+        SUBJECT = row["subject"]
+        RELATIONSHIP = row["relationship"]
+        OBJECT = row["object"]
+        print(f"RDF triplets:\n\t{SUBJECT} - {RELATIONSHIP} - {OBJECT}")
+        insertSubject(CURS, SUBJECT, REVERSE_ORIGIN_ID)
+        insertRelationship(CURS, RELATIONSHIP)
+        insertObject(CURS, OBJECT, REVERSE_ORIGIN_ID)
+
+        SUBJECT_ID = selectSubjectId(CURS, SUBJECT)
+        OBJECT_ID = selectObjectId(CURS, OBJECT)
+        RELATIONSHIP_ID = selectRelationshipId(CURS, RELATIONSHIP)
+        MOVIE_ID = selectMovieId(CURS, OBJECT)
+
+        skip = False
+
+        # guard
+        if SUBJECT_ID is None:
+            print(f"No SubjectId for {SUBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if OBJECT_ID is None:
+            print(f"No ObjectId for {OBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if RELATIONSHIP_ID is None:
+            print(f"No RelationshipId for {RELATIONSHIP}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if MOVIE_ID is None:
+            print(f"No MovieId for {OBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if skip:
+            continue
+
+        if insertRDF(CURS, MOVIE_ID, SUBJECT_ID, RELATIONSHIP_ID, OBJECT_ID):  # type: ignore
+            total += 1
+
+    print(total)
+
+
+def parseRDF_Dataset():
+
+    DATASET_CSV_READER = csv.DictReader(DATASET_CSV_HANDLER)
+    DATASET_ORIGIN_ID = selectOrigin(CURS, "dataset.csv")
+
+    if DATASET_ORIGIN_ID is None:
+        return
+
+    total = 0
+    rdf_idx = 0
+    for row in DATASET_CSV_READER:
+
+        SUBJECT = row["subject"]
+        RELATIONSHIP = row["relationship"]
+        OBJECT = row["object"]
+
+        rdf_idx += 1
+
+        if rdf_idx % 100000 == 0:
+            print(f"RDF number {rdf_idx}:\n\t{SUBJECT} - {RELATIONSHIP} - {OBJECT}")
+
+        insertSubject(CURS, SUBJECT, DATASET_ORIGIN_ID)
+        insertRelationship(CURS, RELATIONSHIP)
+        insertObject(CURS, OBJECT, DATASET_ORIGIN_ID)
+
+        SUBJECT_ID = selectSubjectId(CURS, SUBJECT)
+        OBJECT_ID = selectObjectId(CURS, OBJECT)
+        RELATIONSHIP_ID = selectRelationshipId(CURS, RELATIONSHIP)
+        MOVIE_ID = selectMovieId(CURS, SUBJECT)
+
+        skip = False
+
+        # guard
+        if SUBJECT_ID is None:
+            print(f"No SubjectId for {SUBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if OBJECT_ID is None:
+            print(f"No ObjectId for {OBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if RELATIONSHIP_ID is None:
+            print(f"No RelationshipId for {RELATIONSHIP}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if MOVIE_ID is None:
+            print(f"No MovieId for {SUBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if skip:
+            continue
+
+        if insertRDF(CURS, MOVIE_ID, SUBJECT_ID, RELATIONSHIP_ID, OBJECT_ID):  # type: ignore
+            total += 1
+
+    print(total)
+
+
+def parseAbbr_Reverse():
+
+    REVERSE_CSV_READER = csv.DictReader(REVERSE_CSV_HANDLER)
+    REVERSE_ORIGIN_ID = selectOrigin(CURS, "reverse.csv")
+
+    if REVERSE_ORIGIN_ID is None:
+        return
+
+    total = 0
+
+    for row in REVERSE_CSV_READER:
+        SUBJECT = row["subject"]
+        RELATIONSHIP = row["relationship"]
+        OBJECT = row["object"]
+
+        SUBJECT_ID = selectSubjectId(CURS, SUBJECT)
+        OBJECT_ID = selectObjectId(CURS, OBJECT)
+        RELATIONSHIP_ID = selectRelationshipId(CURS, RELATIONSHIP)
+
+        SUB_SECTIONS = SUBJECT.split("/")
+        REL_SECTIONS = RELATIONSHIP.split("/")
+        OBJ_SECTIONS = OBJECT.split("/")
+
+        SUB_ABBR_ID = None
+        REL_ABBR_ID = None
+        OBJ_ABBR_ID = None
+
+        skip = False
+
+        # guard
+        if SUBJECT_ID is None:
+            print(f"No SubjectId for {SUBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if OBJECT_ID is None:
+            print(f"No ObjectId for {OBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if RELATIONSHIP_ID is None:
+            print(f"No RelationshipId for {RELATIONSHIP}")
+            skip = True
+
+
+        if skip:
+            continue
+
+        if len(SUB_SECTIONS) > 4:
+            index = min(len(SUB_SECTIONS), 7)
+            while index > 3:
+                PATH = "/".join(SUB_SECTIONS[0:index]) + "%"
+                SUB_ABBR_ID = select_abbreviation_id(PATH)
+
+                if SUB_ABBR_ID is not None:
+                    if insert_subject_abbreviation(SUBJECT_ID, SUB_ABBR_ID):
+                        total += 1
+                    index = 0
+                index -= 1
+
+        if len(REL_SECTIONS) > 4:
+            index = min(len(REL_SECTIONS), 7)
+            while index > 2:
+                PATH = "/".join(REL_SECTIONS[0:index]) + "%"
+                REL_ABBR_ID = select_abbreviation_id(PATH)
+
+
+                if REL_ABBR_ID is not None:
+                    if insert_relationship_abbreviation(RELATIONSHIP_ID, REL_ABBR_ID):
+                        total += 1
+                    index = 0
+                index -= 1
+
+        if len(OBJ_SECTIONS) > 4:
+            index = min(len(OBJ_SECTIONS), 7)
+            while index > 3:
+                PATH = "/".join(OBJ_SECTIONS[0:index]) + "%"
+                OBJ_ABBR_ID = select_abbreviation_id(PATH)
+
+                if OBJ_ABBR_ID is not None:
+                    if insert_object_abbreviation(OBJECT_ID, OBJ_ABBR_ID):
+                        total += 1
+                    index = 0
+                index -= 1
+
+    print(total)
+
+
+def parseAbbr_Dataset():
+
+    DATASET_CSV_READER = csv.DictReader(DATASET_CSV_HANDLER)
+    DATASET_ORIGIN_ID = selectOrigin(CURS, "dataset.csv")
+
+    if DATASET_ORIGIN_ID is None:
+        return
+
+    total = 0
+    rdf_idx = 0
+    for row in DATASET_CSV_READER:
+        SUBJECT = row["subject"]
+        RELATIONSHIP = row["relationship"]
+        OBJECT = row["object"]
+
+        rdf_idx += 1
+
+        if rdf_idx % 100000 == 0:
+            print(f"RDF number {rdf_idx}:\n\t{SUBJECT} - {RELATIONSHIP} - {OBJECT}")
+
+        SUBJECT_ID = selectSubjectId(CURS, SUBJECT)
+        OBJECT_ID = selectObjectId(CURS, OBJECT)
+        RELATIONSHIP_ID = selectRelationshipId(CURS, RELATIONSHIP)
+
+        SUB_SECTIONS = SUBJECT.split("/")
+        REL_SECTIONS = RELATIONSHIP.split("/")
+        OBJ_SECTIONS = OBJECT.split("/")
+
+        SUB_ABBR_ID = None
+        REL_ABBR_ID = None
+        OBJ_ABBR_ID = None
+
+        skip = False
+
+        # guard
+        if SUBJECT_ID is None:
+            print(f"No SubjectId for {SUBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if OBJECT_ID is None:
+            print(f"No ObjectId for {OBJECT}")
+            skip = True
+
+        if RELATIONSHIP_ID is None:
+            print(f"No RelationshipId for {RELATIONSHIP}")
+            skip = True
+
+
+        if skip:
+            continue
+
+        if len(SUB_SECTIONS) > 4:
+            index = min(len(SUB_SECTIONS), 7)
+            while index > 3:
+                PATH = "/".join(SUB_SECTIONS[0:index]) + "%"
+                SUB_ABBR_ID = select_abbreviation_id(PATH)
+
+                if SUB_ABBR_ID is not None:
+                    if insert_subject_abbreviation(SUBJECT_ID, SUB_ABBR_ID):
+                        total += 1
+                    index = 0
+                index -= 1
+
+        if len(REL_SECTIONS) > 4:
+            index = min(len(REL_SECTIONS), 7)
+            while index > 2:
+                PATH = "/".join(REL_SECTIONS[0:index]) + "%"
+                REL_ABBR_ID = select_abbreviation_id(PATH)
+
+
+                if REL_ABBR_ID is not None:
+                    if insert_relationship_abbreviation(RELATIONSHIP_ID, REL_ABBR_ID):
+                        total += 1
+                    index = 0
+                index -= 1
+
+        if len(OBJ_SECTIONS) > 4:
+            index = min(len(OBJ_SECTIONS), 7)
+            while index > 3:
+                PATH = "/".join(OBJ_SECTIONS[0:index]) + "%"
+                OBJ_ABBR_ID = select_abbreviation_id(PATH)
+
+                if OBJ_ABBR_ID is not None:
+                    if insert_object_abbreviation(OBJECT_ID, OBJ_ABBR_ID):
+                        total += 1
+                    index = 0
+                index -= 1
+
+    print(total)
+
+
+# MARK: Actual Code
+# parseMovies()
+# parseWikiPageId()
+# parseAbstract()
+# insertOrigin(CURS)
+# parseAbbreviations()
+# parseRDF_Reverse()
+# parseRDF_Dataset()
+# parseAbbr_Reverse()
+parseAbbr_Dataset()
+
+
+CONN.commit()
+CONN.close()
+
+
+MOVIES_CSV_HANDLER.close()
+PAGEID_CSV_HANDLER.close()
+SUMMARY_CSV_HANDLER.close()
+DATASET_CSV_HANDLER.close()
+REVERSE_CSV_HANDLER.close()
+URI_ABBR_CSV_HANDLER.close()
+
+
+"""
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/1%25_(film) has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/10%25:_What_Makes_a_Hero%3F has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/100%25_Arabica has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/100%25_Kadhal has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/100%25_Love_(2011_film) has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/100%25_Love_(2012_film) has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/100%25_Wolf has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Who_the_$&%25_Is_Jackson_Pollock%3F has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/99%25:_The_Occupy_Wall_Street_Collaborative_Film has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/99_and_44/100%25_Dead has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Postcards_from_the_48%25 has not a MovieId
+The MovieUri: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wool_100%25 has not a MovieId
+"""
+
+"""
+The WikiPageId: 10068850 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 55069615 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 49510056 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 4049786 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 55510238 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 31239628 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 34757217 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 64311757 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 8326198 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 42162164 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 18502369 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 58092358 has not a MovieId
+The WikiPageId: 40710250 has not a MovieId
+"""

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+      "updated": 1758648226024,
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+      "locked": false,
+      "text": "class Extract(Action):\n    # Static\n    + type : ActionTypes = Extract\n    \n    # Properties\n    - db_connection: Path\n    - query: str\n    - query_parameters: [str]\n    - output_mapper: [str]",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
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+      "containerId": null,
+      "originalText": "class Extract(Action):\n    # Static\n    + type : ActionTypes = Extract\n    \n    # Properties\n    - db_connection: Path\n    - query: str\n    - query_parameters: [str]\n    - output_mapper: [str]",
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+      "text": "class Pipeline\n    - actions: [Action]\n    ",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
+      "verticalAlign": "top",
+      "containerId": null,
+      "originalText": "class Pipeline\n    - actions: [Action]\n    ",
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+      "text": "class Action\n    + type: ActionTypes\n    + name: str\n    + depends_on: [str]\n\n    + execute(mem) -> [Dict<str, any>] | Void",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
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+      "originalText": "class Action\n    + type: ActionTypes\n    + name: str\n    + depends_on: [str]\n\n    + execute(mem) -> [Dict<str, any>] | Void",
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+      "lineHeight": 1.25
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+      "boundElements": null,
+      "updated": 1758648154009,
+      "link": null,
+      "locked": false,
+      "text": "enum ActionTypes:\n    + Extract\n    + Aggregate\n    + Filter\n    + Map\n    + Dump",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
+      "verticalAlign": "top",
+      "containerId": null,
+      "originalText": "enum ActionTypes:\n    + Extract\n    + Aggregate\n    + Filter\n    + Map\n    + Dump",
+      "autoResize": true,
+      "lineHeight": 1.25
+    },
+    {
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+      "updated": 1758649532881,
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+      "text": "class Aggregate(Action):\n    # Static\n    + type: ActionTypes = Aggregate\n\n    # Properties\n    - actionIDs: [str]\n    - associations: [Association]\n    - output_mapper: [str]\n\n    + execute(mem):\n        tables = mem.gather(actionIDs)\n\n        for join in association:\n            \n            ",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
+      "verticalAlign": "top",
+      "containerId": null,
+      "originalText": "class Aggregate(Action):\n    # Static\n    + type: ActionTypes = Aggregate\n\n    # Properties\n    - actionIDs: [str]\n    - associations: [Association]\n    - output_mapper: [str]\n\n    + execute(mem):\n        tables = mem.gather(actionIDs)\n\n        for join in association:\n            \n            ",
+      "autoResize": true,
+      "lineHeight": 1.25
+    },
+    {
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+      "updated": 1758647067031,
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+      "locked": false,
+      "text": "input_mapper: \n    - key: ActionID (name) that produced such output\n    - value: list of strings that represent the values\n                to take",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
+      "verticalAlign": "top",
+      "containerId": null,
+      "originalText": "input_mapper: \n    - key: ActionID (name) that produced such output\n    - value: list of strings that represent the values\n                to take",
+      "autoResize": true,
+      "lineHeight": 1.25
+    },
+    {
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+      "type": "text",
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+      "text": "class Association:\n    - from_actionID: str\n    - from_key_name: str\n    - from_value_name: str\n    - to_actionID: str\n    - to_value_name: str\n    - type: Type",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
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+      "originalText": "class Association:\n    - from_actionID: str\n    - from_key_name: str\n    - from_value_name: str\n    - to_actionID: str\n    - to_value_name: str\n    - type: Type",
+      "autoResize": true,
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+      "text": "class Filter(Action):\n    # Static\n    + type: ActionTypes = Filter\n\n    # Properties\n    - compare: function(Dict<str, any>) -> bool\n    - output_mapper: [str]",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
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+      "lineHeight": 1.25
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+      "text": "class Map(Action):\n    # Static\n    + type: ActionTypes = Map\n\n    # Properties\n    - compare_mapper: [str]\n    - mapper: function(any...) -> any\n    - output_mapper: [str]",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
+      "verticalAlign": "top",
+      "containerId": null,
+      "originalText": "class Map(Action):\n    # Static\n    + type: ActionTypes = Map\n\n    # Properties\n    - compare_mapper: [str]\n    - mapper: function(any...) -> any\n    - output_mapper: [str]",
+      "autoResize": true,
+      "lineHeight": 1.25
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+      "text": "class Dump:\n    -",
+      "fontSize": 20,
+      "fontFamily": 8,
+      "textAlign": "left",
+      "verticalAlign": "top",
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+      "originalText": "class Dump:\n    -",
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+}

docs/DBPEDIA.md

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+# DBPedia
+
+## GraphIRI
+
+This is the graph identifier (URI):
+
+`http://dbpedia.org`
+
+## History of queries
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+
+SELECT ?subject, ?relationship, ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject ?relationship ?object .
+  {
+    SELECT ?object
+    WHERE {
+      ?m rdf:type dbo:Film .
+      ?object ?r ?m
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 2 Hops
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+
+SELECT ?subject, ?relationship, ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject ?relationship ?object .
+  FILTER (?relationship != <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageWikiLink>)
+  {
+    SELECT ?object
+    WHERE {
+      ?m rdf:type dbo:Film .
+      ?object ?r ?m
+      FILTER (?r != <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageWikiLink>)
+    }
+  }
+}
+LIMIT 1000000
+```
+
+### 1 Hop
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+
+SELECT ?subject, ?relationship, ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject ?relationship ?object .
+  ?object rdf:type dbo:Film .
+  FILTER (?relationship != <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageWikiLink>)
+}
+LIMIT 1000000
+```
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+
+SELECT ?subject, ?relationship, ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject ?relationship ?object .
+  ?subject rdf:type dbo:Film .
+}
+```
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+
+SELECT ?subject, ?relationship, ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject ?relationship ?object .
+  ?subject rdf:type dbo:Film .
+  ?a foaf:primaryTopic ?subject
+}
+```
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+
+SELECT ?subject
+WHERE {
+  ?subject rdf:type dbo:Film .
+}
+```
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+
+SELECT ?subject
+WHERE {
+  ?subject rdf:type dbo:Film .
+  ?a foaf:primaryTopic ?subject
+}
+```
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+
+SELECT ?subject, ?relationship, ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject ?relationship ?object .
+  ?subject rdf:type dbo:Film .
+  ?a foaf:primaryTopic ?subject
+  FILTER (?relationship NOT IN (
+    dbo:wikiPageRedirects,
+    dbo:wikiPageExternalLink,
+    dbo:wikiPageWikiLink,
+    foaf:primaryTopic
+  ))
+}
+
+```
+
+#### Wikipedia-movie
+
+a.k.a the file with the wikipedia abstract
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+
+SELECT  ?subject , ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject foaf:primaryTopic ?object .
+  ?object rdf:type dbo:Film 
+}
+```
+
+#### Reverse
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+
+SELECT ?subject, ?relationship, ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject ?relationship ?object .
+  ?object rdf:type dbo:Film .
+  ?a foaf:primaryTopic ?object
+  FILTER (?relationship NOT IN (
+    dbo:wikiPageRedirects,
+    dbo:wikiPageExternalLink,
+    dbo:wikiPageWikiLink,
+    foaf:primaryTopic
+  ))
+}
+```
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+
+SELECT ?subject, ?relationship, ?object
+WHERE {
+  ?subject ?relationship ?object .
+  ?object rdf:type dbo:Film .
+  ?a foaf:primaryTopic ?object
+  FILTER (?relationship NOT IN (
+    dbo:wikiPageRedirects,
+    dbo:wikiPageExternalLink,
+    dbo:wikiPageWikiLink,
+    foaf:primaryTopic
+  ))
+
+```
+
+#### Film \ wiki page ID
+
+```SQL
+PREFIX dbo:  <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
+PREFIX dbp:  <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
+PREFIX dbr:  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
+PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
+PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
+
+SELECT ?subject ?pageID
+WHERE {
+  ?subject rdf:type dbo:Film .
+  ?subject dbo:wikiPageID ?pageID .
+  ?subject rdfs:label ?label .
+  FILTER (lang(?label) = "en")
+}
+
+```

docs/DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Development
+
+## Data Gathering

docs/RESOURCES.md

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# Resources
+
+## Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE)
+
+### Overview
+
+Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) is a simple but powerful text compression and tokenization algorithm.
+Originally introduced as a data compression method, it has been widely adopted in **Natural Language Processing (NLP)** to build subword vocabularies for models such as GPT and BERT.
+
+---
+
+### Key Idea
+
+BPE works by iteratively replacing the most frequent pair of symbols (initially characters) with a new symbol.
+Over time, frequent character sequences (e.g., common morphemes, prefixes, suffixes) are merged into single tokens.
+
+---
+
+### Algorithm Steps
+
+1. **Initialization**
+   - Treat each character of the input text as a token.
+
+2. **Find Frequent Pairs**
+   - Count all adjacent token pairs in the sequence.
+
+3. **Merge Most Frequent Pair**
+   - Replace the most frequent pair with a new symbol not used in the text.
+
+4. **Repeat**
+   - Continue until no frequent pairs remain or a desired vocabulary size is reached.
+
+---
+
+### Example
+
+Suppose the data to be encoded is:
+
+```text
+aaabdaaabac
+```
+
+#### Step 1: Merge `"aa"`
+
+Most frequent pair: `"aa"` → replace with `"Z"`
+
+```text
+ZabdZabac
+Z = aa
+```
+
+---
+
+#### Step 2: Merge `"ab"`
+
+Most frequent pair: `"ab"` → replace with `"Y"`
+
+```text
+ZYdZYac
+Y = ab
+Z = aa
+```
+
+---
+
+#### Step 3: Merge `"ZY"`
+
+Most frequent pair: `"ZY"` → replace with `"X"`
+
+```text
+XdXac
+X = ZY
+Y = ab
+Z = aa
+```
+
+---
+
+At this point, no pairs occur more than once, so the process stops.
+
+---
+
+### Decompression
+
+To recover the original data, replacements are applied in **reverse order**:
+
+```text
+XdXac
+→ ZYdZYac
+→ ZabdZabac
+→ aaabdaaabac
+```
+
+---
+
+### Advantages
+
+- **Efficient vocabulary building**: reduces the need for massive word lists.
+- **Handles rare words**: breaks them into meaningful subword units.
+- **Balances character- and word-level tokenization**.
+
+---
+
+### Limitations
+
+- Does not consider linguistic meaning—merges are frequency-based.
+- May create tokens that are not linguistically natural.
+- Vocabulary is fixed after training.

docs/SPARQL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# SparQL
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Resources taken from [this website](https://sparql.dev/)
+
+## SQL Queries
+
+### SELECT
+
+```SQL
+SELECT ?var1, ?var2, ...
+```
+
+### WHERE
+
+```SQL
+WHERE {
+    pattern1 .
+    pattern2 .
+    ...
+}
+```
+
+### FILTER
+
+It's used to restrict [`WHERE`](#where) clauses
+
+```SQL
+WHERE {
+  ?person <http://example.com/hasCar> ?car .
+  FILTER (?car = <http://example.com/Car1>)
+}
+```
+
+### OPTIONAL
+
+It's used to fetch available content if exists
+
+```SQL
+SELECT ?person ?car
+WHERE {
+  ?person <http://example.com/hasCar> ?car .
+  OPTIONAL {
+    ?car <http://example.com/hasColor> ?color .
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### LIMIT
+
+Limits results
+
+```SQL
+LIMIT 10 -- Take only 10 results
+```
+
+## SparQL functions
+
+### COUNT
+
+```SQL
+SELECT (COUNT(?person) AS ?count)
+WHERE {
+  ?person <http://example.com/hasCar> ?car .
+}
+```
+

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+certifi==2025.8.3
+charset-normalizer==3.4.3
+idna==3.10
+numpy==2.3.3
+pandas==2.3.2
+pyparsing==3.2.4
+python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
+pytz==2025.2
+rdflib==7.1.4
+requests==2.32.5
+setuptools==78.1.1
+six==1.17.0
+SPARQLWrapper==2.0.0
+tzdata==2025.2
+urllib3==2.5.0
+wheel==0.45.1
+Wikipedia-API==0.8.1